The Sacraments

A sacrament is an efficacious sign of grace, instituted by Christ and entrusted to the Church, by which divine life is dispensed to us through the work of the Holy Spirit. There are seven sacraments (CCC 1131, 1210).

Signs That Do What They Signify

The key word is efficacious — the sacraments actually cause the grace they signify. They are not merely symbols or rituals. When a person is baptized, they are actually reborn. When a priest speaks the words of absolution, sins are actually forgiven (CCC 1127–1128).

The Seven Sacraments

Baptism — new birth, forgiveness of Original Sin, entry into the Church.
Confirmation — strengthening with the Holy Spirit for witness.
Eucharist — the true Body and Blood of Christ.
Penance — forgiveness of sins committed after Baptism.
Anointing of the Sick — healing and preparation at serious illness or death.
Holy Orders — ordination as bishop, priest, or deacon.
Matrimony — the sacrament of Christian marriage (CCC 1210–1666).

Instituted by Christ

The Church did not invent the sacraments. Each was instituted by Christ himself during his earthly ministry and entrusted to the Church as the perpetual means of dispensing his grace to every generation (CCC 1114).

Frequently Asked Questions

What is required for a sacrament to be valid? Every sacrament requires the proper matter (water, oil, bread and wine, etc.), the proper form (the essential words), a validly ordained minister where required, and the intention to do what the Church does (CCC 1256, 1312).