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The fruits of the Holy Spirit — charity, joy, peace, patience, kindness, and others — are the perfections the Spirit produces in souls open to his grace, first fruits of eternal glory.

Brian Acebo · Apr 13, 2026

Schism is the refusal of submission to the Pope or communion with the Church — a break in ecclesial unity distinct from heresy, since it concerns communion rather than doctrine.

Brian Acebo · Apr 13, 2026

Heresy is the obstinate denial of a Catholic dogma by a baptized person — a deliberate rejection of a truth God has revealed and the Church has defined.

Brian Acebo · Apr 13, 2026

Vocation is God's call to every person — the universal call to know and love God, and the particular state of life through which each person concretely lives that out.

Brian Acebo · Apr 13, 2026

Excommunication is the Church's most serious canonical penalty — exclusion from the sacraments — a medicinal measure intended to call the excommunicated person to repentance and return.

Brian Acebo · Apr 13, 2026

Typology is the reading of Old Testament persons, events, and things as 'types' — prefigurations that God built into history to point toward their fulfillment in Jesus Christ.

Brian Acebo · Apr 13, 2026

The Beatitudes are Christ's teachings in the Sermon on the Mount on the way to true happiness — paradoxical declarations that describe the character of the Kingdom of God.

Brian Acebo · Apr 13, 2026

Absolution is the act by which a priest, in the person of Christ, pardons the sins of a penitent in the Sacrament of Penance — actually forgiving sins in Christ's name.

Brian Acebo · Apr 13, 2026