Judith

Judith is a devout Jewish widow whose story is told in the deuterocanonical Book of Judith — she saved her city from the Assyrian general Holofernes by beheading him with his own sword after luring him with her beauty. Her courage and faith have made her a type of Mary's victory over evil (CCC 489).

The Story

The Assyrian general Holofernes besieged the Israelite city of Bethulia, cutting off its water supply. As the city was about to surrender, the widow Judith — after three days of prayer and fasting — dressed herself beautifully, entered the enemy camp, gained Holofernes's confidence, and when he was drunk, beheaded him with his own sword. The Israelites were thus saved.

Judith as Type of Mary

The Church has long seen Judith as a type of Mary. Both are praised with the words: "You are the glory of Jerusalem, the great pride of Israel, the great boast of our nation" (Judith 15:9) — words the Church applies to Mary. Both are humble women through whom God defeats a great enemy. Judith defeats Holofernes (a type of Satan); Mary's offspring crushes the serpent's head (Genesis 3:15; CCC 489).

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Judith a historical book? The Book of Judith contains historical anachronisms that suggest it is not straightforward historical reportage but a theological narrative — a "haggadah" (edifying story) meant to inspire courage and faith. The Church does not require belief in its literal historicity but affirms its spiritual truth and canonical status (CCC 120).