Justification is God's act of forgiving sin and actually making the sinner righteous through the infusion of grace — received through faith and Baptism, not earned by works.
Justification is the most excellent work of God's love — the sanctification and renewal of the interior person through the voluntary acceptance of grace. By justification, the sinner is not merely declared righteous but actually made righteous before God (CCC 1989–1990).
Protestant theology generally understands justification as a forensic declaration — God declares the sinner righteous while the person remains internally unchanged. Catholic theology teaches that justification involves a real interior transformation: the forgiveness of sins and the actual infusion of sanctifying grace (CCC 1987–1989).
Justification is received through faith and Baptism. Against sola fide, the Church teaches that faith must work through love (Galatians 5:6). Works do not earn justification — but genuine living faith produces works of love as its natural fruit. Faith and works are the inside and outside of the same living response to God (CCC 1993–1995, 2010).
Justification is the entrance into a state of righteousness before God — the beginning, not the end. From it flows sanctification: the ongoing growth in holiness (CCC 1995).
Can a justified person lose their justification? Yes. The state of grace received in justification can be lost through mortal sin. This is why the Christian life requires ongoing conversion, the sacraments, and perseverance (CCC 1861, 2016).
May the Lord bless you and keep you.
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