Calvinism

Calvinism is the branch of Protestant theology developed by John Calvin (1509–1564) in Geneva, characterized especially by its doctrine of the absolute sovereignty of God, double predestination, and the total depravity of human nature. It forms the theological foundation of Reformed and Presbyterian churches (CCC 600).

The Five Points of Calvinism (TULIP)

Total Depravity — sin has so corrupted human nature that the person cannot choose God without divine intervention. Unconditional Election — God has chosen certain individuals for salvation from eternity, not based on any foreseen merit. Limited Atonement — Christ died only for the elect, not for all humanity. Irresistible Grace — those whom God has elected cannot ultimately resist his saving grace. Perseverance of the Saints — the elect cannot ultimately fall away from salvation.

The Catholic Response

The Catholic Church affirms God's absolute sovereignty and the necessity of grace (agreeing with Calvin's rejection of Pelagianism). But the Church rejects double predestination — the idea that God predestines some to Hell — as incompatible with his universal salvific will (1 Timothy 2:4). The Church also insists on genuine human freedom and the possibility of losing salvation through mortal sin (CCC 600, 1037).

Frequently Asked Questions

Does the Catholic Church teach predestination? The Church teaches that God's grace is always first and that salvation is his gift, not our achievement. But it rejects double predestination and affirms that God genuinely desires the salvation of all, that human freedom is real, and that grace can be resisted (CCC 600).